[Climatic Characteristics]
    Located in warm temperate zone of the northern hemisphere, the east coast of Eurasian Continent, Ganjingzi District has a warm temperate semi-humid continental monsoon climate with the characteristics of oceanic climate. It has no chilly winter or hot summer, with concentrated rainfall and obvious monsoon. Its annual average temperature is about 10℃, annual extreme maximum air temperature is about 35℃ and annual extreme minimum air temperature is between -28℃ to -18℃, it has a frost-free period of 180 to 200 days. Its annual rainfall ranges from 550 mm to 800 mm, with more drought years than flood years. Located in East Asia Monsoon region, it suffers Level 7 and above winds for 40 to 65 days to its coast every year and 10 to 20 days to its inland every year. Its annual average sunshine hours are between 2500 to 2800 hours, with the sunshine rate of about 60%. It enjoys an annual average relative air humidity of 64% to 70%. Its annual average number of thunderstorm days ranges from 18 days to 26 days. It has 35 to 50 days of heavy fog on average each year.

    Climatic features. In 2014, climatic conditions in Ganjingzi area were poorer, meteorological disaster was heavier, Most of the whole district occurred with medium-drought and local heavy drought in July~ August. Summer drought largely influenced on output of cereal crop, total grain output reduced nearly 30% than previous year. Rainfall in flood season was less, and water resource was less than ordinary year. There were more weather with fog and haze, to some extent, air quality lowered down than previous year.

    Air temperature. Yearly average temperature of the whole district was remarkably higher as 11.4 ℃, and 1.0℃ was higher than normal year (10.4℃), and it was the second higher year in the history since 1979 (11.6 ℃ in 2007). Winter temperature (from December, 2013 to February, 2014)was rather higher, average temperature was -2.1℃, 1.2℃ higher than normal year, 3.2℃ higher than previous year; air temperature in spring (March to May, 2014) was obviously higher, average temperature was 11.2℃, 1.6℃ higher than normal year, 2.7℃ higher than previous year, it was the highest temperature compared to the same period of the history since 1971; air temperature in summer (June to August in 2014) was rather higher, average air temperature was 23.4 ℃, 0.7℃ higher than normal year, 0.3℃ higher than previous year; air temperature in autumn (September to November in 2014) was rather higher, average temperature was 13.4℃, 0.7℃ higher than normal year, 0.1℃ higher than previous year. Average air temperature in September was close to normal year in the whole district, temperature in December was 0.5℃ lower than normal year, other months performed higher tendency. Especially air temperature in January and April was abnormally higher, it was the highest temperature in the same period of the history since 1971. Among this, average temperature in January was -

    Rainfall. Mean annual precipitation in the whole district was 389 mm, 224 mm less than normal year, and it was the second fewer year since 1971 (334 mm in 1999). Winter rainfall was obviously fewer, average precipitation in the whole district was 9mm, 50 percent less than normal year. Spring rainfall was normal, average precipitation amount in the whole district was 83 mm, 10 percentage less than normal year. Summer precipitation was obviously fewer, average precipitation in the whole district was 193 mm, 50% less than normal year, and second fewer year in the same period of the history since 1971. Autumn rainfall was normal and average precipitation in the whole district was 105 mm, and held the same level as normal year. Precipitation in each month was fewer on the whole, precipitation in other month except for May and November was fewer than normal year. Among this, precipitation in March was abnormally fewer, monthly average precipitation was only 1 mm, and the fewest one in the same period of the history since 1971.
   
      Sunshine. Yearly average sunshine duration in the whole district was 2,626 hours, 76.5 hours more than normal year, 66 hours more than previous year. Winter sunlight was normal, 551 hours sunshine duration in the whole district, and basically held the line with normal year; spring sunshine duration was normal, 765 hours sunshine duration in the whole district, 37 hours more than normal year; summer sunshine duration was normal, 698 hours sunshine duration in the whole district, 10% more than normal year; autumn sunshine duration was normal, 636 hours sunshine duration in the whole district, and basically held the level with normal year. Sunshine duration in the whole district owned obvious seasonal difference, it performed as the most sufficient sunshine duration in spring, secondly in summer, the fewest in winter. Sunshine duration in May was the longest duration all round year, 272 hours. Compared to normal year for sunshine duration each month, February was 20% less, July and August was 10%~20% more, other months were normal.
Relative humidity. Yearly average relative humidity was 64% in the whole district, and slightly lower than normal year. Relative humidity of each month was 54%～78% all round year, in which summer relative humidity was about 8% lower than normal year.

    Gale. Yearly gale days were fewer as 16 days in the whole district, and 10 days less than normal year, 3.4 days less than previous year. There were the most gale in January, and the average was 3 days in the whole district.

    Heavy fog. Yearly average heavy fog days in the whole district were fewer as 35 days than normal, 2 days less than normal year, and 5 days more than previous year. Heavy fog mainly occurred in spring and summer, among these, there were the most one in March, average in the whole district was 5 days.

    Frost- free period. Yearly average frost-free days in the whole district was 235 days, 28 days more than normal year, and 20 days more than previous year. Average initial frost occurrence day in the whole district was November 9th, 14 days delay than normal year; latest frost occurrence day in the whole district was March 20, there were 11 days ahead of normal year, and 14 days ahead of previous year.

Main climatic event and its influence. In the full year, climatic events such as obviously higher summer temperature, summer drought, typhoon, gale, local severe convection, fog and haze etc. occurred in the whole district.

    Air temperature in spring was obviously higher. Spring average air temperature in the whole district was 11.2℃, 1.6℃ higher than same period of normal year, and highest value in the history since 1971. Continual higher air temperature was beneficial to agricultural production, frozen earth thawing date, phonological period, land for growing field crops etc. was about 10 days ahead of former years.

    Severe summer drought. Summer average precipitation was obviously fewer as 193 mm in the whole district, 50 percent less than same period of normal year, the second fewer one in the same period of the history since 1971, and another extremely drought year since 1999. From the end of June to the beginning of July, first sign of drought occurred in the whole district; from the end of July to the first ten-day period of August, most area of the district occurred with medium drought, local area occurred with heavy drought.

    Typhoon. From the noon on July 25th to early in the morning of 26th, affected by Matmo typhoon, Gajingzi area occurred with obvious gale and rainfall, precipitation of local area reached up to moderate rain, local heavy rain reached up to rainstorm. The land occurred with moderate gale to gale, gust was strong gale, gale to strong gale occurred at the sea level, and gust was whole gale. The typhoon caused lodging of corn and severe damage of mariculture, and nearly one thousand meters of roads and dams were damaged.

    Local severe convection occurred occasionally. Severe convection such as thunderstorm, gale and hail occurred occasionally in the whole year, local damage was more severe.

    More fog and haze weather. There was more fog and haze weather in the whole year, to some extent, air quality lowered down than previous year. The days in excellent air quality in Ganjingzi area were 69 days, occupied 18.9% in the whole year; good days were 213 days, occupied 58.3% in the whole year; days with slight pollution were 83 days, occupied 22.7% in the whole year. Days with slight pollution or more were the maximum year in nearly 10 years, 40 days more than previous year.